Recently I found myself musing about eugenics. It came out of the typical display so many make when confronted with ideas they dislike...you and everyone who thinks like you should be removed from the gene pool. This is funny on multiple levels. First off, my opinion was not transmitted to me in my father's semen or my mother's ovum, I synthesized it out of hundreds of sources over the course of my life. If you want to kill a person's ideas, prevent them from reoccurring, then killing that person is often spectacularly unsuccessful. Look at Christianity, for just one such example of personal assassination leading to the dissemination, not eradication, of a viewpoint or ideal. Also this is funny because the people agitating for such a culling usually do so while invoking the name of Charles Darwin, which is amusing because Darwin was actually relatively uninvolved in this application of his ideas of selection as a mechanism for biological development over time. It's interesting to recall that Darwin himself didn't even coin the phrase survival of the fittest, but rather Herbert Spencer did.
Another such view is "Social Darwinism", which holds that social policy should allow the weak and unfit to fail and die, and that this is not only good policy but morally right. The only real connection between Darwinism and Social Darwinism is the name. The real source of Social Darwinism is Herbert Spencer and the tradition going back to Hobbes via Malthus, not Darwin's own writings, though Darwin gained some inspiration on the effects of population growth from Malthus. The claims made by Social Darwinists and their heirs suffer from the ethical fallacy known as "the naturalistic fallacy" (no connection to naturalism in explanations and the study of knowledge mentioned above). This is the inference from what may be the case to the conclusion that it is therefore right. However, while it is certainly true that, for example, some families are prone to suffer diabetes, as mine is, there is no licence to conclude that they should not be treated, any more than the fact that a child has a broken arm from a bicycle accident implies that the child should have a broken arm. David Hume long ago showed that "is" does not imply "ought".
John Wilkins, Evolution and Philosophy
Why, I said, the principle has already been laid down that the best of either sex should be united with the best as often, and the inferior with the inferior, as seldom as possible; and they should rear the offspring of the one sort of union, but not of the other, if the flock is going to be maintained in first-rate condition. Now these goings on must be a secret with the rulers only know, or there will be a further danger of our herd, as the guardians may be termed, breaking out into rebellion.
Plato, The Republic
Herbert Spencer's vision for mankind predated to some extent Darwin's theories, and contained much more of a moral bent (moral as in the study of morality, not moral in the sense that one would use to define something as moral as opposed to immoral) and a desire to see human intellect replace random selection. To men like Spencer, as an example, those who failed to acquire wealth and power were the unfit of the human herd, and should suffer the fate Plato outlined for the inferior. He stated this quite openly. "The whole effort of nature is to get rid of such, to clear the world of them, and make room for better." Men like William Graham Summer preached the Social Darwinist mandate to millionaires who lapped it up, considering that it told them they were the fit for whom society would be selecting. Social Darwinism thus gained adherents among the powerful who saw in it a sanction from the laws of the universe themselves for their struggle to maintain and expand their wealth and influence. "We cannot evade it; no substitutes for it have been found; and while the law may sometimes be hard for the individual, it is the best for the race, because it insures the survival of the fittest in every department." wrote Carnegie in 1889. The fittest, of course, being Carnegie himself and those like him. Truly an unbiased creed.
Still, however, it isn't Spencer or Darwin who did the most work to take Plato's idea of selectively breeding the best and make a scientific theory of it. The man who did that was Sir Francis Galton. It may or may not surprise you to find out he was Darwin's cousin, and it was in part his belief that they both inherited their genius from a shared grandfather that helped inspire his eugenic fervor. "It is easy to let the imagination run wild on the supposition of a whole-hearted acceptance of Eugenics as a national religion; that is of the thorough conviction by a nation that no worthier object exists for man than the improvement of his own race; and when efforts as great as those by which nunneries and monasteries were endowed and maintained should be directed to fulfil an opposite purpose. I will not enter further into this." Of course, he didn't have to. Inspired by another devotee of Darwin (Ernest Haeckel, who upon reading Darwin's Origin of Species decided he's found the Holy Grail) who founded the Monist League to help promote the purity of the German volk over lesser races, a nation would indeed embrace Eugenics as fervently as a faith, complete with creating breeding farms where young German girls could rut with the SS for the improvement of his own race, as Galton so eloquently put it. Haeckel himself put it even more bluntly, showing how his idea of the human race and Galton's differed: "Politics is applied biology." Clearly to Haeckel, the best weren't those with the most wealth as William Graham Summer might have argued or those with the greatest intellect and sensitivity as Galton himself seemed to believe, but rather those with the bluest eyes and the blondest skin.
This, to me, points out the greatest danger of Social Darwinism and Eugenics; they are often applied not in any real sense of actually improving society, but rather to eradicate those less sympathized with by the ones seeking to implement these principles. Social Darwinism, at least, assumes that the unfit will be destroyed without taking an active hand in their destruction, and so while it is on the whole an onerous attempt to extend moral purity to hate and racism and bigotry it is at least harmless in comparison with Eugenics, which often ends up agitating for implementation and which ignores the actual nature of human beings in its quest to perfect the race.
At its best, Eugenics quickly became the mechanism behind which the mandatory sterilization of people in asylums, prisons and hospitals was justified for the good of the race. Benedict-Augustin Morel's 1857 paper on the hereditary degeneration of those who suffer from alcoholism, criminal insanity, epilepsy and so on is just one example, as was Dugdale's 1875 study of the Juke family, or H.H. Goddard's hammer-fisted application of IQ testing to indicate human intelligence, and thus suitability or degeneracy. All of this hysteria led to the passing of state laws applying sterilization to institutionalized mental patients, forbidding insane or feebleminded individuals from marrying, (even epileptics in some cases) and by the 1950's tens of thousands had been sterilized in America. At worst...well, we all know what the results of the worst possible application of eugenic theory are. Germany showed the world what racial hygiene would become, taking these ideas to their furthest possible execution.
In his thought-provoking book Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis (1998) Robert N. Proctor traces the history of this movement, from its nineteenth century Social Darwinist beginnings to Third Reich orthodoxy. Proctor's history is less a tale of evil Nazi doctors than of the smooth transition made by ordinary people from eugenics and euthanasia to state sanctioned murder in the name of public health.
Donna Kossy, Strange Creations
The Nazi attempt to create a pure aryan race (never minding that aryan doesn't really have a fucking thing to do with race at all...because fanatics are rarely logical, and even less rarely care what reality might have to say about their ideals, since doubt never enters their minds) is well documented. Their genocidal engine which sought to scour 'Greater Germany' of the taint of Jews, Gypsies, Homosexuals, Mental Defectives, Political Prisoners and others who had committed the grave sin of not fitting into what the state defined as fit, the Lebensborn programs to breed children of increased 'racial purity' (down to suggestions that good German women should conceive if at all possible in SS graveyards in order to bear the reincarnations of the deceased) combine a demented fervor for mysticism with a rigidly applied eugenic theory. Obviously the application of the theory is at fault here much more so than the theory itself...if eugenics hadn't existed, the Nazis would have had to have found some other reason for what they did. They did not have to, however. Racial hygiene provided the perfect erosive force over the course of its existence, scouring away the objections others might have had to so cruel and draconian a series of edicts under the guise of the health of the people. Whether it be that your ancestry was unsuitable or that your ideas were dangerous, there was now a mechanism in place to remove you for the good of the race...always, always, for the good of the race.
And it didn't stop with the assembly line approach to death imported by the Germans from Henry Ford (another of Carnegie's economically selected, come to think of it, and also a rigorous anti-semite who helped bring the electric chair to America) or the breeding of blond children in cemetaries. Minds like Ploetz and Lenz created whole mythologies of racial superiority while laws like the 1933 Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offsping provided the framework for sterilization if the Genetic Health Court found them to be feebleminded, epileptic, schizophrenic, alcoholic, manic-depressive or so on, and also mandated sending such to concentration camps if they refused to be so made sterile. Obviously, the definition of feebleminded was stretch quite a bit during this time, since more than 400,000 suffered this law's effect...but it is impossible to say, while certainly possible to suggest, how many were 'removed from the gene pool' for having an unpopular opinion at this time.
Eugenics is therefore very much like an alchemy in reverse. While alchemy began as an attempt to create the perfection of the self through an understanding of the laws of nature and ended up descended by chemistry, an actual scientific discipline that divorced the mystical implications of enlightenment from the quest for knowledge about the laws that govern matter, eugenics began as a simple desire to apply the seeming laws of evolution via design rather than random selection and ended up a neo-mystical attempt to create a perfect specimen of humanity via Darwinist theory welded to a mystical notion of the purity of specific racial groups. It shouldn't surprise us to find a few examples of alchemical thought welded to this doctrine of racial hygiene, therefore...and yet when we come upon these nexus points of complicated doctrine, they can often surpass into a lunacy as frightening as it is elaborate.
We've mentioned before how Harry Crosby may have discovered the existence of an entity lurking in the background of existence, a being he called the Black Sun and which seemed to be some sort of proto-god of fascism. The interesting thing to consider here is how Crosby...a clear product of Carnegie and Graham's Law of Competition inasmuch as he was descended from the same wealthy fit they so idolized, even if he did display many of the same mental qualities that would lead to state-ordered sterilization in many American states during his own life, like alcoholism and that ever-so-vague 'feeblemindedness' which always seems to mean whatever it needs to...and Crosby's Black Sun, also defined as sol niger, the primordial matter of the alchemists, also helped to inspire Himmler's SS and their immediate descendants. (Crosby really does seem like a perfect Lovecraftian hero, his mind ravaged by insanity he brought back with him from his stint in the first World War, his penchant for romanticism and art welded to a deep strain of pessimism and despair...I must admit to a sincere fascination with the man.)
Halik related the flying saucers to the Black Sun myth. He identified the saucers as manifestations of the Grail, "a cultic vessel used by the supreme hierarchy of Christian Gnostics." He analyzed the etheric constitution of flying saucers on the basis of their glowing concentric rings. At the same time, Halik seemed to believe that the Germans had indeed established "polar empires" in both the Arctic and Antarctic, under the signs of the "Golden Sun" and "Black Sun." While the former represented a Luciferic, solar quest (linked with Otto Rahn and the SS Cathars), the latter was driven by Saturnine, satanic lodges of the SS. Halik understood the UFO not so much as a technical invention as the application of a metaphysical and alchemical principle. The alchemical metaphor of sol niger (Black Sun) was said to represent occultation, blackening, a sinking into the mystery of self-discovery.
Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity
Now, if you're like me, you read that passage and felt a slowly dawning realization as this 'metaphysical UFO' idea hit you full force like a bucket of ice water. You began thinking of the Book of Ezekiel and then you actually shouted the Merkabah! Those fucking Nazis actually stole the fucking Merkabah! It's the goddamn Merkabah! The chariot of the throne, the conveyance of the glory (Kavod) of God himself as is manifested by the measure of the body, the Shi'ur Komah which presages the perfect and holy image of creation in the Adam Kadmon of later Qabbalism. When you're done with that lightning flash let us supply another one. Eugenics is often considered the attempt to create the ideal society by creating perfect men and women through selective breeding. Mystically speaking, it's an attempt to bring Adam Kadmon into existence by fixing the Shi'ur Komah into one form rather than allowing it to be all forms at once. Like the demiurge of gnosticism, who cannot truly create but can only defile and starts with Wisdom itself, Sophia, we find an attempt to divine the Tree of Life itself, the Sephirothic tree which so resembles the helix of our DNA, our own private Shi'ur Komah and to weed out any and all possible branches of that tree that don't fit an arbitrary definition of perfection. Metaphysically speaking, this is some heavy shit, the magical equivalent of full-on Qlippothic Warfare. (And why is it that the Nazis seem wholly unable of coming up with mysticism of their own? They steal Gnosticism, Theosophy, the Qabbala...for guys who hate the Jews so much, one has to wonder why so much that is quintessentially Jewish in origins ended up in their grubby mitts. Metaphysic Envy, perhaps?) The idea of 'Black Sun' summoning forth UFO's as an attempt by Qemetiel, that crown of the Qlippoth, to mock the Merkabah itself comes to mind, as does the SS attempt to steal the lightning flash and have it identified with them just as the party as a whole did the sun-wheel of the Swastika...like Corpse-Tearer chewing away at Yggdrasil, this all seems so deliberately intended at corrupting and deforming a powerful source of energy. And that's before we consider one of the main goals of the Sefer Yetzirah.
What we therefore have in Sefer Yetzirah appears to be an instructional manual, describing certain meditative exercises. There is some evidence that these exercises were meant to strengthen the initiate's concentration, and were particularly helpful in the development of telekinetic and telepathic powers. It was with these powers that one would then be able to perform feats that outwardly appeared to be magical. This is supported by the Talmudical references, which appear to compare the use of Sefer Yetzirah to a kind of white magic.
Aryeh Kaplan, Sefer Yetzirah: The Book of Creation
There is an obvious connection between this linguistic-mystical cosmogony, which has close parallels in astrological speculation, and magic which might be based on the creative, magical power of the letters and words. In fact it might well be said that Sefer Yetzirah speaks of "the letters in which heaven and earth were created," as according to the Talmud, Bezalel, the architect of the tabernacle, possessed the knowledge of their combinations. From this point stem the ideas connected with the creation of the golem by an ordered recitation of all the possible creative letter combinations.
Gersholm Scholem, Kabbalah
And suddenly we burst forth into horror and understanding. The Black Sun, Qemetiel the absolute negation, the dark mirror of Ain itself, working to usurp the very means of creation of everything. Look at it from the perspective of the eugenicist who seeks to silence his opposition by killing him, by sterilizing those of a different opinion or outlook or perspective, by wiping out those that could possibly know the truth through the transmission of culture as well as that culture itself. The eugenic superman will be one created wholly in line with a limited, ideologically selected Shi'ur Komah, arbitrary ideas of what is 'good' or 'fit' used as the template for the breeding of the new humanity. The very concepts of the enemy, his art, his religion, his mysticism will be stolen and corrupted and debased, pruned away to fit the new pattern. If one is brought to mind of Belial, the master of the Sons of Darkness, the Kittim of Ashur from the Dead Sea Scrolls, it fits. Can the Sons of Light be allowed to develop the white magic of the Sefer Yetzirah, said to be used by Abraham himself in the creation of new souls? This is the alphabet and the grammar of majesty and existence, the means by which mind and soul can be called into being. In many editions of Sefer Yetzirah, scriptural evidence is provided by the verse, "Abraham went as God had told him, and Abraham took...the souls that they had made in Haran" (Genesis 12:5). According to some commentaries, this indicates that Abraham actually used the powers of Sefer Yetzirah to create a Golem. Compare this to the rumors printed by the Hearst syndicate about Alexis Carrel, physiologist and eugenicist (and Nobel prize winner) in 1936: Dr. Carrel is now working in his closely guarded laboratory at Rockefeller Institute on the problem of the relation of cells to those of vegetables and plants, with the hope that some time in the future he can build in his laboratory an artificial human being. This robot-with blood coursing through his veins, heart beating, brain vibrating, lungs breathing-would be an assembled man; he would have the heart of one dead man, the brain of another corpse, the lungs of a third. Then contemplate as you digest this plagiarism of Mary Shelly the fact that Carrel wrote the following passage himself in his Man, the Unknown the next year.
There remains the unsolved problem of the immense number of defectives and criminals....Why do we preserve these useless and harmful beings?...Why should society not dispose of the criminals and the insane in a more economical manner?...Perhaps prisons should be abolished. They could be replaced by smaller and less expensive institutions. The conditioning of petty criminals with the whip, or some more scientific procedure, followed by a short stay in hospital, would probably suffice to insure order. Those who have murdered, robbed while armed with automatic pistol or machine gun, kidnapped children, despoiled the poor of their savings, misled the public in important matters, should be humanely and economically disposed of in small euthanistic institutions supplied with proper gases. A similar treatment could be advantageously applied to the insane
Alexis Carrel, Man, The Unknown
It should be pointed out that Alexis Carrel was not a Nazi. One is reminded, however, of Plato's idea that these goings on must be a secret with the rulers only know, or there will be a further danger of our herd, as the guardians may be termed, breaking out into rebellion which reminds one of the Marquis de Sade's old argument that Once upon the throne of kings, there shall never have been a tyranny to equal ours, no despot shall ever have put a thicker blindfold over the eyes of the people; plunged into essential ignorance, it shall be at our mercy, blood will flow in rivers, our Masonic bretheren themselves shall become the mere valets of our cruelties, and in us alone shall the supreme power be concentrated; all freedom shall go by the board, that of the press, that of worship, that simply of thought shall be severely forbidden and ruthlessly repressed; one must beware of enlightening the people or or lifting away its irons when your aim is to rule it. If, as Plato argued, those in charge of winnowing the human herd must hide themselves away, how can we determine if they exist or how long they've been at it? Carrel's own slippery slope (from murderers to liars to the insane...objectivity to subjectivity, for as the Reich proved, insanity becomes fluid when we're talking about these kinds of ideas) illustrates the essential difficulty even good people can have when these notions pop up. If there is a shadow war between adherents of the Black Sun and the Sons of Light, the enlightenment bearers, the illuminators...who is to say that both sides didn't start in the same place? One comes to think of Ormazd and Ahriman, or Yahweh and his faithful servant the Adversary, or Balder and Loki, dark reflections locked in a contest for the hearts and minds of the human race so profound that it extends from the ether created by our thoughts to the baseline of our genes. And so long a war will create strains of thought all its own, which if useful will be alloyed back into the conflict...the Nazis may not have directly copied Carrel's suggestions, but they put them into practice all the same.
This of course brings one to mind of what these SS Cathars and Saturnists would have done had they succeeded in despoiling the keys to creation inherent in the Sefer Yetzirah. Armies of golem soldiers, created soulless and obedient, stomping their black bootprint onto the face of all humanity to come, stripped of creativity, of hope, of any sense of the divine and mystical...the gifts of the spirit Abraham sought to develop used to monitor us down to our very thoughts, our opinions edited or deleted at the whim of hidden ones lurking behind the mask of the Nazis themselves (like the valets of their cruelties postulated by de Sade) twisting the world itself out of the paths of the spheres and into the orbit of the cracked shell of life, the demiurge god, the Black Sun. Whether one sees Qemetiel as Black Sun or Black Sun as a corruption of the purpose of the original sol niger, a mockery of the internal void one must master to come to know Ain is a matter of perspective. Qemetiel, and indeed all the Qlippoth, are necessary counterbalances when kept to their proper places, perhaps, but devoting oneself to them leads to the stagnation inherent in their lack of creativity. I would suggest the difference is that one who seeks to know Ain would never seek to define it for anyone but him or herself, and certainly would not try to reduce the Shi'ur Komah to one form. It must be fractal, ever branching, expansive, all inclusive, not limited, not the Bonsai Tree of Life
In the end, after all this musing, I find myself forced to come to one conclusion: no one has a monopoly on what is a desirable quality to pass down either through inheritance or dialogue. Those that consider themselves the guardians of purity are often the ones who take the most hideous steps to preserve it. It's better to seek perfection of the self first before attempting any such Bonsai development on the whole of the species. With the future unknown and unknowable, it's better to hold on to traits that may prove beneficial in a place and a time we cannot foresee than to excise them and suffer for it later.